The Relatioship Between Mental Illness and Child Abuse Essay

Child abuse affects millions of children every year. Child abuse is defined as â€Å"the hurting or causing harm to a child† (Stewart, 2003, p. 6). Most people do not understand why a parent would want to hurt their children. â€Å"The general belief is that parents who maltreat their children are pathological and certainly not like us† (Polonko, 2005). It is not just parents that abuse the children it is also teachers, babysitters, and daycare workers (Stewart, 2003). Lingern (2008) reported the following: Child abuse was not recognized as a serious problem in the United States until the 1960s. The number of cases reported has increased each year since 1976, when statistics were first kept. In 2004 almost 1.9 million child abuse and†¦show more content†¦Many children that are physically abused have unexplained bruises, welts, burns, cuts, bite marks, or fractures. They may also have frequent injuries and may avoid personal contact. Children that are victims of neglect usually have dirty clothing, may be hungry, tired, and may seek affection from an adult, such as a teacher (Lingern, 2008). â€Å"Abuse and neglect of children occurs in all types of families regardless of race, culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or religious group† (Lingern, 2008). There is no single cause of child abuse. Instead it is the result of many forces, within the family, working towards the destruction of the child’s psyche. The most important thing to remember is that it is never the child’s fault. Three prevalent risk factors for those who abuse children are: parents who were abused as a child, parents that abuse drugs and alcohol, and parents with mental illnesses. Causes A common reason that parents abuse their children is because they were abused growing up. â€Å"They are the little ones we failed to protect a generation ago† (Polonko, 2005). Adults who were abused as children typically live with much anger and also tend to lack control. Beating and neglecting a child is normal to them and is the only way they know how to deal with children. They may have grown up in an â€Å"unhealthy environment, and it is likely that they never learned how to care for a child properly†

Martyrdom of Rizal - 1733 Words

Martyrdom at Bagumbayan During the last 24 hours of Rizal’s life, he was meeting visitors in his cell in fort Santiago, Where he is secretly finishing his farewell poem. He is also destined to die for his beloved country which he called â€Å"Pearl of the Orient Seas† in his poem and â€Å"Pearl of the Orient† in an article â€Å"Unfortunate Philippines† in The Hongkong Telegraph on September 24, 1892. Last Hours of Rizal At 6:00 A.M. of December 29, 1986, Captain Rafael Dominguez, read the death sentence to Rizal who would be shot at the back by a firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan. At 7:00 A.M., Rizal was moved to the prison Chapel where he was visited by Father Miguel Saderra Mata and Father Luis Viza, a Jesuit teacher. At 7:15 A.M.,†¦show more content†¦Death March at Bagumbayan Bagumbayan is the place where Rizal’s execution happened. Rizal walked calmly with his defense council, Lt. Luis Taviel Andrade and two Jesuit priests Fathers March and Vilaclara. He was dressed up elegantly with his black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white shirt, and black tie. Rizal’s arms were tied behind him elbow to elbow, but the rope was quite loose for him to move his arms. Several of the spectators lining the street from Fort Santiago to Plaza del Palacio in front of the Manila Cathedral. A vast crowd gathered at Bagumbayan to witness how a martyr dies. At the Bagumbayan field the spectators crowded a huge square formed by soldiers where the cavalcade entered the square, and Rizal walked serenely to the place where he was told to stand at a grassy lawn at the shore of Manila Bay, between two lamp posts. Martyrdom of a Hero Rizal indeed, firmly clasped his hands in parting despite the fact that his arms were tied. One of the priests blessed and offered him a crucifix to kiss. Then, he requested the commander of the firing squad to shoot him facing the squad, but it was denied for the captain ordered to shoot him at the back. Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, a Spanish Military Physician was amazed when he found out that the pulse rate of Rizal was normal showing that he was not afraid to die. Exactly 7:03 in the morning when Rizal died in the bloom of manhood, he fell on the ground dead with face upward facing the morningShow MoreRelatedFilipino Nationalism : A Step Stone2608 Words   |  11 PagesThis act of martyrdom was later known as â€Å"Gomburza,† an acronym for the three friars’ last names; it was also one of the main influences of Jose Rizal’s act of martyrdom (Guerrero and Schumacher 15). Through this act of sacrifice, Filipinos saw how serious these nationalists were about the issue of Spain’s colonialism. Because of the martyrdom and sacrifices of the friars, Filipinos became aware of the effects of nationalism. Through the attainments of these little acts of martyrdom, the PropagandaRead MoreThe Rise of Filipino Nationalism1689 Words   |  7 Pagescolony and Spain. Its prominent members included Josà © Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El Filibusterismo, Graciano Là ³pez Jaena, publisher of La Solidaridad, the movements principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the organizations secretary and Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Summary In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, all Filipino priest, was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of subversion. The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspireRead MoreResearch Paper About Rizal2146 Words   |  9 PagesIs Rizal married to Josephine Braken? I. Introduction My intention is to give a basic outline of the lovelife story between Josephine Bracken and Jose P. Rizal. So for reasons of this outline and other constraints it will unfortunately be necessary omit some aspects of their story in this outline report. I ask of anyone who believes that anything is incorrect. Then, should it be necessary, it can be amended. I ask that any information that is offered is factually based rather than opinion orRead MoreRizal Park3291 Words   |  14 PagesTOUR 113: CASE STUDY OF RIZAL PARK Pacheco, Pauline Aubrey Pintucan, Minette Corazon Roberto, Jowelyn Tanafranca, Rowena Rae INTRODUCTION Luneta, or literally little moon, is a 58-hectare historical park overlooking the famous and stunning Manila bay, located at the zero kilometer mark in the midst of a busy and thriving city. For many decades, it was used by the Spaniards as execution grounds for Filipino rebels and mutineers. Through the years, it has bear witness to deaths injudiciously deliveredRead MoreStudents’ Views on Filipino Historians’ Articles About Jose Rizal as the National Hero of the Philippines6767 Words   |  28 PagesSTUDENTS’ VIEWS ON FILIPINO HISTORIANS’ ARTICLES ABOUT JOSE RIZAL AS THE NATIONAL HERO OF THE PHILIPPINES A Paper Submitted to: Dr. Minerva V. Apita In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in: Philippine History with Politics and Governance Laylo, Anelle Nica M. September 7, 2011 ABSTRACT The Filipinos have a rich archive of history, from the prehistoric era, to the Spaniards rule in the Philippines, followed by the Americans and the Japanese, followed by the Marcos regime, up to the presentRead MoreMonuments of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Around the World5518 Words   |  23 Pagesrequirements of the subject HIST 1023 Buhay, Mga Gawain at Sinulat ni Rizal Monuments of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Around the World Rizal Park (Luneta Park), Manila, Philippines Description: 12.7 m bronze and unpolished granite sculpture and obelisk. On one side of the Rizal Monument is a marble plaque marking the exact spot where the hero met his death by firing squad and on the other side is one of his poems. The central bronze figure is of Dr Rizal. The bronze figures around the sculpture were cast in SwitzerlandRead MoreWho Made Rizal Our Foremost National Hero, and Why?5235 Words   |  21 PagesWho Made Rizal Our Foremost National Hero, and Why? BY: ESTEBAN A. DE OCAMPO Dr. Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso, or simply Jose Rizal (1861-1896), is unquestionably the greatest hero martyr of our nation. The day of his birth the day of his execution are fittingly commemorated by all classes of our people throughout the length breadth of this country even by Filipinos their friends abroad. His name is a byword in every Filipino home while his picture adorns the postage stamp paper moneyRead MoreRizal2524 Words   |  11 PagesChapter 2 : â€Å"CHILDHOOD MEMORIES IN CALAMBA† Our National Hero, Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda, has a lot of beautiful memories and wonderful experiences to reckon during his childhood days in Calamba – where he was born. He grew up in a happy home, ruled by good parents, bubbling with joy and contentment, sanctified by God’s blessings. His birthplace was an ideal place for individuals who want to gain inspiration and peacefulness. CALAMBA is really a perfect place to nurtureRead MoreNoli Me Tangere2438 Words   |  10 Pages150pxNoli me Tangere, original cover original cover Author Josà © Rizal Country Philippines (first printing in Berlin) Language Spanish Genre(s) novel Publisher Publication date 1887 Media type Print Followed by El filibusterismo Noli Me Tangere is a Spanish-language novel by Filipino writer and national hero Josà © Rizal, first published in 1887 in Berlin. The novel is commonly referred to by its shortened name Noli; the English translation was originally titled The Social Cancer, althoughRead MoreIntroduction to Rizal Course11998 Words   |  48 PagesLECTURE GUIDE IN SOC 6 WEEK 1—ORIENTATION / INTRODUCTION TO RIZAL COURSE WEEK 2 BACKGROUNDER OF RIZAL’S FAMILY / HISTORICAL BACGROUND OF RIZAL: A. ANCESTRY OF RIZAL. Rizal came from a mixture of races. From his father side, his great grandfather was a Chinese merchant from Amoy, China. In the closing year of the 17th century, Domingo Lamco who assumed the family surname â€Å" Mercado â€Å" in consonance with the decree of Governor General Narciso Claveria to free all Spanish subjects and their children

Toyota free essay sample

Abstract Purpose: the main purpose of this study is to find out about the recalls of Toyota vehicles which lead to the death of some innocent lives. The recall was due to unintended acceleration. Toyota ultimately recalled millions of its cars for floor mat issues, brake problems and sticky gas pedals. Methodology: Data was collected online, by the help of some selected search engines. Information was collected from Toyota’s national website as well as other private sites. Findings/results: Most organization should seek for customers or consumer’s satisfaction rather than targeting of making high profit. Arrogance and choosing to ignore quality warnings when failures begin to happen is also a problem facing most organization. Implications: Companies or organizations should design and manufacturing information and traceability data that can be shared with suppliers for effective root cause analysis. Paper type: case study Keywords: recall, unintended acceleration, floor mat, sticky gas pedals. Introduction Toyota has long been recognized as seventh largest company in the world and the second largest manufacturer of automobiles, with production facilities in 28 nations around the world (Toyota Assembly and part, 2011). As been the world third largest manufacturer of automobiles in unit sales and in net sales, Toyota has also created good customer relationship and provides customers with the products they need. Toyota Motor Company Ltd. was established in Koromo Town, Japan in 1937 by Mr. Kiichiro Toyoda. Koromo was a major producer of silk and before the founding of the automobile company, the Toyoda family was involved in the manufacture of automatic looms (a device use to weave cloth) used by the silk and cotton industry (Toyota Motto Corporation, 2011). During the 1930s the textile industry suffered and orders for new looms from the Toyoda familys factory were slow. Looking for new growth markets and to hand the company over to his son, Sakichi Toyoda. Sakichi Toyoda invested in his research and development of an automobile in 1930. As the work was progressing, he established the first Automobile Department, within his existing Toyoda Automatic Loom Works company in September 1933. He later changed the name â€Å"Toyoda† to â€Å"Toyota† since he wanted to bridge the gap between his family name and the Company name. That is, making a clear distinction between his family (private life) and his company (public life). Toyoda completed the first prototype of an engine named the type A successfully which leads to the establishment of Toyota Motor Corporation. Soon after, he launched its first small car known as the SA Model in 1974. Over and above manufacturing, Toyota also has a global network of design and Research and Development facilities, embracing the three major car markets of Japan, North America and Europe. Across the world, Toyota participates enthusiastically in community activities ranging from the sponsorship of educational and cultural programmes to international exchange and research. The company never encountered a problem or any bad history until there was recalls of some automobiles by the Toyota Motor Corporation which occurred at the end of 2009 and commerce of 2010. Although the Toyota Company is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms, which are now computerized and electric sewing machines which are available worldwide. Toyota Case Toyota recalled some of it automobiles due to unintended acceleration leading to the death of innocent people. Toyota ultimately recalled millions of its cars for floor mat issues, brake problems and sticky gas pedals. Sticky gas pedals/stuck gas pedal Toyota case was due to potential problems with the gas pedal mechanism that can cause the accelerator to become stuck regardless of whether the vehicle contains a floor mat. Toyota said in certain rare cases, the gas pedal mechanism wears down, causing the accelerator to become harder to press, slower to return or, in some cases, stuck. The gas pedals was too long and there is a little space between it and the floor mat. In all, there was a poorly designed floor mat Toyota began a massive recall last year worldwide to fix the problems that were attributed to faulty accelerators, floor mats getting stuck in gas pedals and brake problems in Prius hybrids. More than 8.5 million Toyota cars and trucks have been recalled. Drivers have complained of cars careering out of control at 65mph while overtaking, and negotiating roundabouts so fast that it felt like their car was on two wheels. A mechanical fault, caused by a combination of wear and cold and wet weather, Toyota believes, means that the accelerator pedal sometimes sticks down. Around 10,000 Toyota owners have so far contacted a hotline to air concerns. Toyota was overwhelmed by massive product recalls and damage to its reputation after questions over the safety of its cars and allegations that the company did not act quickly enough once problems had been identified. The problem commenced when one duty police officer and his family back in August 2009 after their car, a Toyota Lexus, unexpectedly accelerated, crashed into another vehicle, tumbled over an embankment and burst into flames lead to the death of the man. Initial company reports identified that the car may have been fitted with the wrong floor mats, which could have slipped and entrapped the accelerator pedal. The problems began to increase for Toyota. Critics attacked the company for allegedly covering up defects and not taking safety issues seriously enough. By February earlier this year, Toyota had issued recalls for about 10 million vehicles and company president Akio Toyoda was summoned to appear  before a U.S. congressional committee to respond to questions over Toyota’s handling of the recalls and safety issues. Even if a company tries to cope with a crisis, it often happens that the company faces a secondary crisis, which could be more threatening than the original one when it fails to communicate with society and causes misunderstanding (Nakata, 2010). Methodology Data was collected from online by the help of some selected search engines (Bing, Google and Yahoo) and browsers (Google chrome, Opera and Mozilla Fox). An achieved Data containing the figures of recall vehicles were used. Information was collected from Toyota’s national website as well as other private sites. Quotes, citations and other relevant document leading to the completion of this case study were also taken from some this site. Recall by Toyota was first initiated with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). Recall Data Toyota had announced recalls of approximately 5.2 million vehicles for the pedal entrapment/floor mat problem, and an additional 2.3 million vehicles for the accelerator pedal problem. Approximately 1.7 million vehicles are subject to both. Certain related Lexus and Pontiac models were also affected. The next day, Toyota widened the recall to include 1.8 million vehicles in Europe and 75,000 in China. By then, the worldwide total number of cars recalled by Toyota stood at 9 million. Sales of multiple recalled models were suspended for several weeks as a result of the accelerator pedal recall, with the vehicles awaiting replacement parts. Toyota did recall almost 8 million vehicles worldwide to correct issues with ill-fitting floor mats that could trap the accelerator pedal, and for adjustments to throttle pedals that had a tendency to stick or were slow to return to idle. Some of the cars affected by the recall are listed below. RAV4, Corolla, Matrix, Avalon, Camry, Highlander, Tundra, Sequoia, Lexus, Pontiac Investigations Toyota Company Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to investigate the software in Toyota engine computers to see if a programming error could command the throttles to open without input from the drivers. Such unintended acceleration was blamed for a number of accidents and deaths over several years, culminating in the recalls. NHTSA confirmed that the cause of unintended acceleration was not due to mechanical defect with the pedals and floor mat systems (Allen, 2010). According to NHTSA previous investigation, the defect has resulted in a total of 16 accidents with three deaths and seven injuries. Therefore, why didn’t Toyota use this as an alert to call for recall but rather delayed in announcing. occur on vehicles sold in the States because American driving cycles are significantly different from those in Japan. Once the company received 54 complaints on the issue, it supposedly alerted NHTSA of the problem within the five days allowed under the law. The NHTSA recently charged Toyota with a $16.4 million fine for failing to notify the government of the infamous unintended acceleration issue within the allotted time. Since then, Toyota has been more forthcoming with information about what it claims the company knew and when, but so far theres no been official word from the automaker about this latest investigation. Meanwhile, Toyota’s crisis has created an opening for other carmakers. GM, Ford, and Hyundai have all scrambled to claim some of Toyota’s slipping market share. (Haq, 2010). The question of unintended acceleration involving Toyota and Lexus vehicles has been repeatedly and thoroughly investigated by NHTSA, without any finding of defect other than the risk from an unsecured or incompatible driver’s floor mat. (Toyota-Newsroom, 2009). Also, Toyota Company commissioned NASA to investigate on the problem. NASA investigated many possible avenues that might increase engine RPM (Resolutions per minutes). Congressional decisions Congress in February 2010 began a series of hearings on the issue of unintended acceleration in Toyota vehicles. Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia has laid out possible steps for Congress and the DOT, including taking a fresh look at the TREAD Act, requiring brake override technology on all new automobiles, requiring auto makers to provide the necessary equipment for investigators to read electronic data recorders and forcing senior executives of auto companies to personally certify that information their firms provide to NHTSA is complete and accurate.(Rockefeller, 2010). Consumer advocates have suggested broader changes including new standards for accelerators and electronics testing; mandatory installation of event data recorders and the collection of more information. Toyota’s Reaction/Response Toyota, however, took the result as cold comfort, since the damage to its reputation has been done. The mechanical issues with its pedals and floor mats, after all, remain as the root factor in what eventually became a record recall of over 12 million vehicles around the world and over 5 million here in the U.S. Toyota was eventually fined $48.8 million for its treatment of the recalls. Toyota said drivers in the recalled vehicles whose gas pedals become stuck should firmly apply their brakes, drive the car to a safe location, shut off the engine and contact the nearest Toyota dealer. Drivers who experience the problem should not pump their brakes, Toyota said. (ValdesDapena, 2010). At least in that short term, it was not easy for Toyota to erase the negative Image of its products, he said. (Nakata, 2010) Solutions from Toyota to fix the problems Toyotas engineers have developed and rigorously tested a solution that is both effective and simple. A precision-cut steel reinforcement bar will be installed into the accelerator pedal assembly, thereby eliminating the excess friction that has caused pedals to stick in rare instances. (Griffin, 2011) Lessons from organization Most organization should seek for customers or consumer’s satisfaction rather than targeting of making high profit. Arrogance and choosing to ignore quality warnings when failures started to happen is also a problem facing most organization. Toyota did not act until the number of cases and the media outcry became loud enough to get through their in-defiance skulls. May be it is not too much of quality that has lead Toyota in to this crisis but rather they should look at their quality of leadership which may sometimes include selecting technology and keeping ears to the ground. Companies or organization should design and manufacturing information and traceability data that can be shared with suppliers for effective root cause analysis. Lesson from research. Research can go further to examine the actual number of vehicles related by models to see which of these models were affected badly or most. Also, extend the research to see if the design or structure of those models is the main cause of the unintended acceleration.

Recycling Essays (3681 words) - Waste Management, Babycare

Recycling Recycling, Making a Difference To recycle or not to recycle that is an important question that we all need to ask ourselves. As the population continues to grow and the earth gets more and more crowded with people and their waste it becomes a major issue of whether there will be enough space on the planet earth for future generations and their waste (trash) too. When first beginning to collect trash and and counting the trash my attitude was - what influence could my family make? But as I began to research recycling and how some wastes pollute the environment my attitude took a change. The attitude turned more toward concern than what or how much my waste contributed to the big picture. Below is a chart reflecting the amount of trash that was counted and weighted during a four-week period beginning the week of Monday, April 24, 2000 and ending on Sunday, May 21, 2000. These weights were rounded up to the nearest pound. Week Aluminum Other Metals Glass Plastics Newspaper White Paper Other Paper Food Prducts and Lftovrs 1- Apr 24-30 10 5 4 5 2- May 1-7 3- May 8-14 4- May 15-21 Totals The Orrs household consists of my wife and three children, ages 9, 5 and 2 (3 boys and 2 girls). During the first week of my collection the oldest child was visiting her grandparents, which I thought would have made a difference in the amount of trash that the Orrs would accumulate. There was a major surprise to the household of how much food waste accumulated over a week, and how the numbers of plastic and glass were almost equivalent. The food waste can probably be attributed to the fact that Mrs. Orr still cooks for five people and the children never really eat all their food. When raising three children you get into a pattern and it has been hard for my wife to change that pattern as far as the amount of food that is bought and the amount of food she cooks at any one time. The newspaper was not a great surprise because each week the household receives the same number of papers, the OFallon journal daily, the Sunday Post Dispatch, two journals and some weeks the papers varied in size. Depending on the media. The large amount of other paper came as a major shock, This consisted of some color paper and disposable diapers that the youngest child uses. A lot of this was various bits of junk mail that is received weekly that was not be counted as white paper or in the newspaper catogory. Paper napkins and towels also added to the grand total, as well. There was a lot of white paper that was collected, but this was during the time when the computer was being used a lot due to the youngest daughter and her book report and most of the mail was in the form of junk. The first week I weighed two pounds of plastic. This pound consisted of two Pepsi bottles and water bottles. After the first couple of days, it became more aware of how much water that was being used and the solution to this was reusing the same bottles instead of throwing the empty ones out, which also saved money. The researching period of recycling and learning what all the waste is doing to the our Planet, was when the biggest concerns became aware of the amount of other trash that was counted. Because this is the type of trash that cannot be recycled easily. The disposable diapers and the sanitary products are a major concern because this type of waste goes directly into a landfill. When further research on the disposable diapers, it was surprising to find that the disposal of the diapers is not causing the controversy, that it did several years ago. According to one study it was found that disposable diapers cause more trash but cloth diapers use more energy (Samuelson 143 - 144). This would mean that no matter what you use that you are still causing some damage to the environment in one way or another (The Orr family goes throught about four diapers a day).